Indian National Movement & Leadership

On 8th August 1942, the Quit India Resolution was adopted by the All India Congress Committee (AICC). This was a significant event in the Indian freedom struggle as it marked the launch of the Quit India Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, demanding an end to British Rule in India. The other options are not related to this specific date. - The Viceroy’s Executive council was indeed expanded to include more Indians, but this was part of the August Offer in 1940, not on 8th August 1942. - The Congress ministries did resign in seven provinces, but this happened in 1939, not in 1942. - Lastly, Cripps did propose an Indian Union with full Dominion Status, but this was part of the Cripps Mission, which also did not occur on 8th August 1942. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Quit India Resolution was adopted by the AICC on this date.

Officers of the Indian Army: Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were senior officers of the Indian National Army (INA), which was led by Subhas Chandra Bose. They are remembered for their significant roles in the INA and their court-martial by the British at Red Fort in 1945. Members of the Interim Government: The Interim Government of 1946 was formed on 2nd September 1946, as a transitional government before India's independence. Congress Members - Jawaharlal Nehru – Vice President & External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – Home, Information & Broadcasting
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad – Food & Agriculture
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – Education
- Asaf Ali – Railways & Transport
- C. Rajagopalachari – Industry & Supplies
- Jagjivan Ram – Labour
- John Mathai – Finance
- Sarat Chandra Bose – Works, Mines & Power Muslim League Members - Liaquat Ali Khan – Finance
- I.I. Chundrigar – Commerce
- Abdur Rab Nishtar – Posts & Air
- Ghazanfar Ali Khan – Health
- Jogendra Nath Mandal – Law Members of the Drafting Committee in the Constituent Assembly
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – Chairman (Law expert and key architect of the Indian Constitution)
- N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar - K.M. Munshi
- Mohammad Saadullah
- N. Madhava Rao - T.T. Krishnamachari - Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer

* In 1888, Walangkar began publishing the monthly journal titled Vital-Vidhvansak (Destroyer of Brahmanical or Ceremonial Pollution), which was the first to have the untouchable people as its target audience. * He also wrote articles for Marathi-language newspapers such as Sudharak and Deenbandhu, as well as composed couplets in Marathi that were intended to inspire the people. Having read Hindu religious texts, Walangkar concluded that caste was contrived by the Aryan invaders to control the Anaryans (indigenous people). * In 1889, he published Vital Viduvansan (Annihilation of Ceremonial Pollution), which protested the position of untouchables in society and raised consciousness regarding what those people should expect. * He addressed this pamphlet, which was crafted as a collection of 26 questions, to the elites of Maharashtrian society. * T. N. Valunjkar says that Walangkar "can be regarded as the first intellectual rebel from the Dalit community to have launched a scathing criticism of the caste system and the position of dalits in it."

The book "Desher Katha" written by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar was a significant contribution to the Indian freedom struggle. Statement 1 is correct. The book indeed warned against the Colonial State's hypnotic conquest of the mind. Deuskar was a staunch nationalist and vehemently opposed the colonial rule in India. His book was a critique against the colonial rule. Statement 2 is also correct. Deuskar's work inspired the performance of swadeshi street plays and folk songs. His writings were influential in promoting the Swadeshi movement. Statement 3 is incorrect. The use of 'desh' by Deuskar was not in the specific context of the region of Bengal. Deuskar, though of Marathi origin, was brought up in a Bengali set-up and acted as a bridge between Maharashtra and Bengal's renaissance. His use of 'desh' was more in the context of the nation as a whole, rather than specifically Bengal. Therefore, the correct answer is that statements 1 and 2 are correct.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, also known as the Delhi Pact, was a significant agreement reached between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, in March 1931. Statement 1 is correct: As part of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the British government agreed to invite the Indian National Congress to participate in the Second Round Table Conference held in London. Statement 2 is correct: Another key aspect of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was the agreement to withdraw repressive ordinances that had been promulgated by the British government in response to the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi. This withdrawal was seen as a gesture of goodwill towards the Indian National Congress. Statement 3 is incorrect: While issues of police excesses were discussed during negotiations, there was no explicit agreement in the pact regarding such an inquiry. Statement 4 is correct: One of the conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was the release of political prisoners who had been arrested during the Civil Disobedience Movement, provided they had not been charged with violence. Therefore, the correct statements are 1, 2, and 4.

Statement 1 is correct: Mahatma Gandhi actively campaigned against the exploitative system of indentured labour, particularly during his time in South Africa. He recognized the hardships faced by indentured labourers and advocated for their rights. Statement 2 is incorrect: During World War I, Gandhi supported the resolution for recruiting Indians for the British war effort. He believed this would demonstrate Indian loyalty to the Empire and potentially lead to greater political concessions after the war. This position was controversial within the Indian independence movement. Statement 3 is correct: The Salt Satyagraha, led by Gandhi in 1930, involved the deliberate breaking of the British salt laws as a form of protest. In response to this non-violent civil disobedience movement, the British government declared the Indian National Congress illegal.

Statement 1 is correct: The Swadeshi had a great impact on the handloom industry. - There was a revival in handloom, silk weaving, and some other traditional artisan crafts. - Cotton mills were set up at this time. Statement 2 is correct: The National Council of Education (or NCE) was an organisation founded by Indian nationalists in Bengal in 1906 to promote science and technology as part of a swadeshi industrialization movement. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru: He was an important leader of All India liberal federation and served as its President. KC Neogy: He was a member of the constituent Assembly from West Bengal. Puran Chand Joshi (14 April 1907 - 9 November 1980): He was one of the early leaders of the communist movement in India. He was the first general secretary of the Communist Party of India from 1935-47.

Pair 1 is correct: All India Anti Untouchability League: It was formed by Mahatma Gandhi then later renamed as Harijan Sewak Sangh. Pair 2 is correct: All India Kisan Sabha: It was formed by Sahajanand Saraswati in the Lucknow Session of 1936. Pair 3 is correct: Self-Respect Movement: EV Ramaswamy Naicker was an important leader of self respect movement in 1925. It was an anti-caste movement against Brahmanism.

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was a farmer's uprising that took place in the Champaran district of Bihar, India during the British colonial period. The farmers were protesting against growing indigo with barely any payment for it.